Advancements in civil engineering in 21st century -- 2

Innovative designs, new materials, information. and technology, good communication systems have. made civil engineering in 21st century with more advancements than earlier. Strategic planning and analysis on structural activities and energy efficiency provided unique opportunities for various firms to build commercial, industrial, government and residential properties. The challenge of complex interacting infrastructure system in Mega cities utilizing modern construction engineering technologies for urban planning and management. * Industry specific software programs and field instrumentation. *GPS to mapping and plot new roads and suspension system to build bridges. *new corrosion resistance composites to build better structures. *creativity is encouraging through graphic designs . *roof ceiling methods to temperature maintainance. *new timber construction system using wood connections . Civil engineers and environmental engineers are working together for adopting different environment friendly methods to prevent pollution . *flood protection structures,building canals,water storage structure in agriculture , horticulture ,forestry fields. *generate and transmit energy. *sewage systems and waste management. * railway, road construction, airports etc. * Installing solar energy and geothermal energy in houses,buildings. *geological sequestration of Carbon dioxide, carbon cycle management . Brown University researchers have developed a new material by combining seaweed alginate and graphene oxide which has durability and can respond dynamically to its environment. Construction management waste has been proposed under the name Of 3R concept namely reduce, recycle, reuse. Recycling using the waste to reduce the waste and reusing it as a resource in construction is one of the sustainable waste management methods . Implementing alternative energy resources, proper planning and designing protective structures for both domestic and commercial scale with appropriate technical solutions enables environmental friendly civil works.